pv magazine’s UP sustainability campaign has investigated the use of lead in PV panels and found, with soldered cell interconnections in particular, viable alternatives are scarce. However, German ...

Cold solder joints occur when the temperature during the soldering process is not high enough, and they are difficult to see with the naked eye. “It turned out to be important that we had agreed in ...

Cold soldering defects in a PV module. The problem has now become the most commonly found defect in pre-shipping module inspections. Image: CEA The electric grid is complex. For many generation ...

Previously, a Power Electronics Technology article titled “Inverted Acoustic System Cuts IGBT Failures” (September 2011) examined the use of an acoustic microscope to image heat-blocking defects such ...