The brain of humans and other animals is known to contribute to the protection of the body from infections. Past studies have unveiled the existence of the so-called conditioned immune response (CIR), ...

Our understanding of schizophrenia has increased greatly in recent years, as studies of large groups of people have identified a multitude of genetic variants that increase a person's risk of the ...

The neural mechanisms of many symptoms associated with migraine have yet to be elucidated. New research suggests that a non-image-forming retinal pathway and signals from the dura mater contribute to ...

By elucidating the neural basis of individual differences in fear plasticity, this study highlights the central role of brain states in stress adaptation. "Our work provides new insights into arousal ...

Neural circuits associated with three cortical regions in cognitive generalization with different manifestations from different species. (A) Emotionrelated brain regions mainly project to PFC and OFC; ...

Stanford Medicine investigators have replicated, in a lab dish, one of the most prominent human nervous pathways for sensing pain. This nerve circuit transmits sensations from the body’s skin to the ...

Stroke and spinal cord injuries can severely impair motor functions, and understanding how to promote recovery is a critical challenge. While damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord have limited ...

Researchers describe the neural processes behind how morphine relieves pain. This is valuable knowledge because the drug has such serious side effects. In a study published in Science, researchers at ...

A newly identified brain pathway in mice could explain why placebos, or interventions designed to have no therapeutic effect, still relieve pain. Developing drugs that target this pathway may lead to ...