We have only one example of biology forming in the universe – life on Earth. But what if life can form in other ways? How do you look for alien life when you don’t know what alien life might look like ...

Depending upon how you do the counting, there are around 9 million species on Earth, from the simplest single-celled organisms to humans. It's reassuring to imagine that complex bodies and brains like ...

Major changes in the spinal columns of mammals have been shaped by their highly variable numbers of vertebrae, according to new evidence from a team of international scientists, including researchers ...

Depending upon how you do the counting, there are around 9 million species on Earth, from the simplest single-celled organisms to humans. It’s reassuring to imagine that complex bodies and brains like ...

The problem -- Computation -- Structure for free -- Purposeful structure -- Improbability and the engine of complexity -- Algorithmic evolution -- Evolution within the body -- Taking control of the ...

Digital evolution employs self-replicating computer programmes that undergo mutation and selection in virtual environments, providing an experimentally tractable system for probing fundamental ...

1. The nature of complexity / James McGlade and Elizabeth Garnsey -- 2. Evolution, diversity and organization / Peter Allen, Mark Strathern and James Baldwin -- 3. Cities : continuity, transformation ...